Proceedings and Addresses
February 2008 (Volume 81, Issue 4)

Letter from the Secretary-Treasurer

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To All Members of the Association:

You are cordially invited to attend the one hundred fifth Annual Meeting of the Central Division at the Palmer House Hilton Hotel, Chicago, Illinois, April 16-19, 2008. This year’s program committee has organized an extensive array of thirty Colloquium sessions, fourteen invited Symposia, and five Author Meets Critics sessions. Our program also includes twelve special sessions organized by Committees of the APA and over seventy affiliated group sessions. This year, the Central Division has adopted the practice of considering submitted Symposium sessions long followed by the Eastern and Pacific Divisions, and our program includes four submitted Symposia in addition to the fourteen invited ones.

This issue of the Proceedings contains a complete convention program, including scheduled group meetings. At the back of this issue, you will find a hotel reservation form, a meeting registration form, a form for reserving tables at the receptions, and maps of the hotel’s location and meeting rooms. Also included are information forms concerning the 2009 meeting and the 2008-2009 Nominating Committee, for your use if you have suggestions for future meetings or wish to offer your services to the Division.

1. Hotel Information
Most Central Division members will already be familiar with the Palmer House Hilton, a frequent location of Central (and Western) Division meetings for many decades. The Palmer House is located in the Chicago Loop, a short walk from Symphony Center and the Chicago Art Institute, among many other local attractions.

Hotel reservations should be made directly with the hotel in one of the following ways:
•By mail: Use the form printed in this issue of the Proceedings.
•By telephone: Call the Palmer House reservations department directly at 1-877-865-5321. Explain that you are attending The American Philosophical Association meeting. If you are a graduate student member, please indicate that you want the graduate student rate (NOTE: the National Office staff will confirm the graduate student status of all those requesting the graduate student rate).
•Through the Internet: Use the following URL: http://www.hilton.com/en/hi/groups/private_groups/chiphhh_amp/index.jhtml. Please note that reservations at the special graduate student rate cannot be made through this online link. Graduate students must instead call 1-877-865-5231 or use the printed form.

To be assured of a room at the special convention rate, you should act promptly. Our convention block of rooms will be maintained by the hotel only until March 18, 2008. After that time, any unused rooms in the block will be released to other guests, and convention registrants may be unable to obtain the special rates or appropriate rooms. April is an extremely busy time for conventions in Chicago, and hotel rooms go fast.

•Chicago Airports: Chicago is served by O’Hare International and Chicago Midway airports. Virtually all airlines fly to O’Hare, and many also fly to Midway, which has the advantages of being closer to the Loop and somewhat less crowded.
•Ground Transportation from O’Hare and Midway: The most economical way to reach the hotel is the Chicago Transit Authority trains (fare $1.75 as of Jan. 1, 2006). From O’Hare, take the CTA Blue Line from the station between Terminals 2 and 3 (follow the signs for “Trains to City”). Get off at the Monroe/Dearborn station and go east on Monroe to the hotel entrance between State and Wabash. Travel time is about forty-five minutes, and trains run every ten minutes (with reduced schedules Sunday and late at night). From Midway, the CTA Orange Line runs every ten minutes and will take you to the Loop in about half an hour (get off at the Adams/Wabash stop. The hotel entrance is on the west side of Wabash. A map of the downtown area CTA routes and stations is available at http://www.transitchicago.com/maps/maps/F2003D.html.
•Airport shuttle buses to the loop are (at this writing) $17.50 one way from O’Hare, $17.50 one way from Midway. Buses go directly to Loop hotels, including the Palmer House. Allow an hour from Midway, an hour and a half from O’Hare; (time varies considerably, especially with heavy traffic). Buses leave every ten to fifteen minutes, and return buses leave the Palmer House every half hour from the Monroe Street side. You can make advance reservations (and get a coupon for $2 off) at http://www.airportexpress.com/.
•Taxi fare is $35-$40 from O’Hare, $25 from Midway. For two or more passengers, flat-rate ride sharing fares are available ($19 per passenger from O’Hare, $15 per passenger from Midway). Travel time to/from O’Hare ranges from half an hour in light traffic to an hour or more in heavy traffic (on Friday afternoon, it can exceed two hours). If you’re in a hurry, a taxi is usually the fastest way to go except when traffic is at its worst, when the CTA is probably fastest (provided that you are traveling with one very small suitcase).
•Accessible transportation: The CTA stations at both Midway and O’Hare are wheelchair-accessible, but not all stations in the Loop area have elevators. The closest Blue Line stop to the Palmer House with an elevator is Jackson, two long blocks from the Palmer House at Jackson and State Streets. In the Loop area, the Orange Line from Midway is on elevated tracks. The closest elevator-equipped Orange Line station is Van Buren, another long block south of the Jackson station. Call the Elevator Status Hotline at 1-888-968-7282 and press 5 to check for elevator service problems (TTY 1-888-282-8891). All CTA buses have lifts or ramps. Contact the RTA Travel Information Center at 312-836-7000 for updated information. Maps and other information are available at http://www.transitchicago.com/maps/accessible.html, and a brochure on accessibility is available at http://www.transitchicago.com/downloads/brochures/ada.pdf (text version http://www.transitchicago.com/welcome/ada.txt).
•Driving to Chicago: See http://www.hilton.com/en/hi/hotels/maps_directions.jhtml?ctyhocn=CHIPHHH for maps and driving directions to the Palmer House. Valet parking is $38 per day, self-parking $30 per day for hotel guests.
•Amtrak: Amtrak trains arrive at Union Station, which is about ten blocks (some long) west on Canal between Adams and Jackson, across the Chicago River. The 151 bus goes to the hotel area (stop at State and Adams). A taxi to the Palmer House is under $10. Consult http://www.amtrak.com for schedules and fares.

2. Access to Meeting Rooms in the Palmer House
With the exception of the Empire Room, where the Thursday night reception will be held, meeting rooms are located on floors 3-5 of the Palmer House. (The Empire Room is directly accessible from the hotel lobby by a short stairway and has its own elevator). Please note that there are two banks of elevators and that not all floors are accessible from both banks. The main elevators, located at the back of the hotel lobby, go to all sleeping room floors. A second bank of elevators, the State Street elevators, is located to the right of the main elevators in the lobby, towards the State Street side of the hotel. These elevators go only as far as the 10th floor. All elevators go to the lobby, the street level, and the 6th floor. For meeting rooms on the 3rd, 4th, and 5th floors, the situation is more complicated: see the explanation below (note in particular that the 3rd floor is divided into two parts, each served by only one of the banks of elevators). In the meeting program, the room for each session is followed by the floor and by an indication of which elevators can be used to access this room: ‘M’ for the main elevators, ‘S’ for the State Street elevators. If it is necessary to change from one bank of elevators to the other, this can be done at the street, lobby, and 6th floor levels.

Third Floor Meeting Rooms. The majority of the meeting rooms for this meeting are on the 3rd floor, as is the registration area, the book exhibits, and the placement center. However, the 3rd floor is divided into two sections that are at different elevations. Registration, the Book Exhibits, and the Placement Center are all in the Lower Exhibit Hall, which is on the lower part of the 3rd floor. This part is accessible only by the State Street elevators or by escalator from the lobby. All other 3rd-floor meeting rooms are on the upper side of the floor, which is connected to the lower part by a short stairway. This part is accessible only via the main elevators. In brief: to reach the Lower Exhibit Hall (Registration, Placement, Book Exhibits, Salon 11 and 12), take the State Street elevators or the escalators from the lobby. To reach the 3rd-floor meeting rooms (Crystal, Cresthill, Wabash, and Private Dining Rooms 1-9), take the main elevators.

Fourth and Fifth Floors. The Red Lacquer Room, used for the Friday reception and the Presidential Address, is on the 4th floor, which is accessible only by the main elevators or by escalator and stairway from the lower part of the 3rd floor. The meeting rooms on the 5th floor (Private Dining Rooms 16-18) are accessible only by the State Street elevators or by stairway from the 4th floor.

3. Meeting Registration
Rates for registration are as follows:
APA Members $50
Non-Members $60
Student members $10

The Central Division rebates $10 of the Member’s and Non-Member’s fee to the APA national office to support the general costs of the APA. All remaining registration income is used to support the expenses of the meeting and the operations of the Central Division. You may pre-register for the meeting by using the pre-registration information form found at the back of this issue. The deadline for pre-registration is April 7, 2008. Payment is accepted by cash, check, or credit card.

Registration includes admission to the reception on Thursday evening; non-registrants who wish to attend this reception may purchase tickets at the Registration Desk, or at the door of the reception, for $10. Please note that all persons attending the convention are expected to register (this includes invited participants and participants in Group Meetings). Registration fees are vital to the conduct of APA conventions, since convention revenues are the only source of income for the Divisions.

4. Placement Service
The Placement Center will open for business at 5:00 p.m. on Wednesday, April 16, and continue in operation through Noon, Saturday, April 19 (see the Program for specific times). The Placement Center will be located adjacent to registration, in Salons 2 and 3, which are in the Lower Exhibit Hall on the 3rd floor (use the State Street elevators). Job seekers are urged to pre-register for Placement by submitting the pre-registration form provided in this issue. Since many job interviews are pre-arranged on the basis of advertisements in Jobs for Philosophers (JFP), and since the Placement Center will not post notices of positions that have already been advertised in JFP, job seekers are advised to obtain copies of JFP in advance of the meeting and to bring them to the meeting. (JFP is available to APA members upon request, at no extra charge. Requests should be addressed to the APA National Office, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716.)

Policy on Interviews in Sleeping Rooms. At its 1994 meeting the APA Board of Officers adopted the policy of prohibiting job interviews in sleeping rooms at Divisional meetings. We ask your cooperation in implementing this policy. Interviews in the living rooms of suites are, of course, permissible under this policy, and interviewing departments may also make use of the Placement Center interview area in Salon 2 (within the Lower Exhibit Hall on the 3rd floor: use State Street elevators).

5. Book Exhibits
The publishers’ book exhibits will be located in the Lower Exhibit Hall on the 3rd floor. Exhibits will be open 9:00 a.m.-5:00 p.m. on Thursday and Friday and 9:00 a.m.-Noon on Saturday.

6. Receptions
The reception on Thursday, April 17, will begin at 8:30 p.m. in the Empire Room off the lobby. Complimentary beer and soft drinks are provided at this reception, which is open only to those who have either registered for the convention or purchased special tickets for the reception (available for $10 both at the registration desk and at the door of the reception). The Presidential Reception on Friday, April 18, will begin at 9:00 p.m. in the Red Lacquer Room on the 4th floor. Tickets are not required for admission to the Friday reception, and refreshments are available on a cash-bar basis. Departments that wish to reserve a numbered table at the two receptions may do so for a fee of $25 (see the form at the back of this issue of the Proceedings).

7. Business Meeting
The annual Business Meeting of the Central Division will be held Friday, April 18, at 12:15 p.m. in the Wabash Parlor. Please note that only APA members who are affiliates of the Central Division have voting rights at this meeting. Regular items of business include reports from Divisional and National officers and committees and the nomination of officers for 2008-2009. The 2008 Nominating Committee will present a slate of nominees for the positions of Vice President, Member of the Executive Committee, and the four members of the 2008 Nominating Committee. The Report of the Nominating Committee will be posted in the registration area 24 hours prior to the Business Meeting. Nominations from the floor are also accepted if proposed by a group of ten members. In accordance with Divisional rules, voting for candidates will be by mail ballot.

The Minutes of the 2007 Executive Committee Meeting and draft minutes of the 2007 Business Meeting are published in this issue of the Proceedings, pp. 147-149.

8. Presidential Address
President James P. Sterba will present the 2008 Presidential Address, “Completing the Kantian Project: From Rationality to Equality,” at 5:00 p.m. on Friday in the Red Lacquer Room. He will be introduced by Peter van Inwagen, Vice President of the Central Division. President Sterba has decided to include time for questions from the audience at the end of his presidential address. Microphones will be available at several locations in the room for those wishing to pose questions.

9. John Dewey Lecture
At its 2004 meeting, the Executive Committee of the Central Division accepted a generous offer from the John Dewey Foundation to fund a John Dewey Lecture at each annual meeting. The John Dewey Lecture is given by a prominent and senior American philosopher who is invited to reflect, broadly and in an autobiographical spirit, on philosophy in America. The Central Division is pleased to announce that the 2008 John Dewey Lecture, entitled “Unnatural Lotteries and Diversity in Philosophy,” will be given by Claudia Card on Thursday, April 17, at 1:30 p.m. in the Crystal Room (Session I-A). The lecture will be introduced by Alison M. Jaggar. A reception, hosted by the John Dewey Foundation, will follow in the same room.

10. Graduate Student Travel Stipend Recipients
As in past years, the Central Division Executive Committee awards stipends of $300 each to help defray the travel expenses of graduate students whose papers are accepted for the program. Starting with the 2006 program, the Executive Committee has decided to provide a stipend for every graduate student whose paper is accepted. The Executive and Program Committees are pleased to announce the names of the twenty-four winners of stipends for this year:
Mark Piper (Saint Louis University): “Hursthouse’s Neo-Aristotelian Virtue Ethics, the Slide into Consequentialism, and the Problem of Instrumentally Successful Vice.” Paper 1 in Session IV-H, ‘Virtue Ethics’ (Saturday, 9:00 a.m., Private Dining Room 6)
Tracie Mahaffey (Florida State University): “The Experience of Authorship and Automatic Action.” Paper 3 in Session III-G, ‘Action, Agency, and Responsibility’ (Friday, 1:45 p.m., Private Dining Room 5)
Matthew Pianalto (University of Arkansas): “Moral Realism and Ways of Life.” Paper 2 in Session IV-K, ‘Moral Realism and Moral Responsibility’ (Saturday, 9:00 a.m., Private Dining Room 16)
Sarah Kenehan (University of Tennessee/Bern University): “General Circulation Models and Severe Tests.” Paper 1 in Session II-I, ‘Philosophy of Science’ (Friday, 9:00 a.m., Private Dining Room 7)
Luke Gelinas (University of Toronto): “Is Agent-Based Virtue Ethics Circular?” Paper 2 in Session IV-H, ‘Virtue Ethics’ (Saturday, 9:00 a.m., Private Dining Room 6)
Kelly Trogdon (University of Massachusetts): “Physicalism and Sparse Ontology.” Paper 3 in Session IV-J, ‘Physicalism and Realization’ (Saturday, 9:00 a.m., Private Dining Room 8)
Eunjung Kim (University of Washington): “The Idea of an Overlapping Consensus and the Moral Enforceability of Human Rights.” Paper 3 in Session III-F, ‘Political Philosophy’ (Friday, 1:45 p.m., Private Dining Room 4)
Joel Velasco (University of Wisconsin–Madison): “The Biological Species Concept and Evolutionary History.” Paper 3 in Session II-I, ‘Philosophy of Science’ (Friday 9:00 a.m., Private Dining Room 7)
Christina Conroy (University of California–Irvine): “On an Alleged Refutation of Actually-Rigidified Descriptivism.” Paper 3 in Session II-K, ‘Descriptions and Substitution’ (Friday, 9:00 a.m., Private Dining Room 16)
Frank Pupa (The Graduate School and University Center–City University of New York): “Descriptions, Understanding, and Anaphoric Chains: Russell’s New Challenge.” Paper 1 in Session II-K, ‘Descriptions and Substitution’ (Friday, 9:00 a.m., Private Dining Room 16)
Jeremy Garrett (Rice University): “History, Tradition, and the Normative Foundations of Civil Marriage.” Paper 3 in Session I-F, ‘Issues in Sexual Ethics’ (Thursday, 1:30 p.m., Private Dining Room 4)
Ephraim Glick (Massachusetts Institute of Technology): “What is the Problem of Intentional Identity?” Paper 3 in Session I-G, ‘Philosophy of Language’ (Thursday, 1:30 p.m., Private Dining Room 5)
Daniel M. Johnson (Baylor University): “Making Co-instantiation Primitive: Consequences for the Bundle Theory’s Commitment to the Identity of Indiscernibles.” Paper 1 in Session V-G, ‘Metaphysics and Physics’ (Saturday, 2:30 p.m., Private Dining Room 5)
Brett Fulkerson-Smith (University of Kentucky): “On the Apodictic Proof of Kant’s Revolutionary Hypothesis.” Paper 1 in Session V-I, ‘Kant’ (Saturday, 2:30 p.m., Private Dining Room 7)
Emil Badici (University of Florida): “The Liar Paradox and the Inclosure Schema.” Paper 2 in Session I-G, ‘Philosophy of Language’ (Thursday, 1:30 p.m., Private Dining Room 5)
Leo Iacono (University of Nebraska–Lincoln): “Warranted Assertability Maneuvers and the Rules of Assertion.” Paper 1 in Session I-I, ‘Epistemology I’ (Thursday, 1:30 p.m., Private Dining Room 7)
David Bronstein (Oxford University/University of Toronto): “Understanding Meno’s Paradox in Aristotle’s Posterior Analytics I 1.” Paper 3 in Session II-G, ‘Ancient Philosophy: Epistemology and Metaphysics’ (Friday, 9:00 a.m., Private Dining Room 5)
Matthew Brophy (Minnesota State University–Mankato): “Moral Judgments: Etiologies and Credibility.” Paper 3 in Session IV-K, ‘Moral Realism and Moral Responsibility’ (Saturday, 9:00 a.m., Private Dining Room 16)
Michael Dean Hartsock (University of Missouri–Columbia): “Omissions as Causes.” Paper 1 in Session III-G, ‘Action, Agency, and Responsibility’ (Friday, 1:45 p.m., Private Dining Room 5)
Simon Rippon (Harvard University): “In Defense of the Wide-Scope Instrumental Principle.” Paper 1 in Session III-H, ‘Metaethics’ (Friday, 1:45 p.m., Private Dining Room 6)
Felipe De Brigard (University of North Carolina–Chapel Hill) and Eric Mandelbaum (University of North Carolina–Chapel Hill): “Neuroscience and Responsibility.” Paper 2 in Session III-G, ‘Action, Agency, and Responsibility’ (Friday, 1:45 p.m., Private Dining Room 5)
Russell Jones (University of Oklahoma): “Bivalence and Contradictory Pairs in Aristotle’s De Interpretatione 9.” Paper 1 in Session II-G, ‘Ancient Philosophy: Epistemology and Metaphysics’ (Friday, 9:00 a.m., Private Dining Room 5)
Jeffrey Dunn (University of Massachusetts): “Counterfactual Dependence, Thermodynamics, and the Special Sciences.” Paper 3 in Session V-G, ‘Metaphysics and Physics’ (Saturday, 2:30 p.m., Private Dining Room 5)
Japa Pallikkathayil (Harvard University): “Consent and the Formula of Humanity.” Submitted Symposium paper in Session IV-E (Saturday, 9:00 a.m., Private Dining Room 9)

11. 2009 Program Committee
Vice President Peter van Inwagen has appointed the following Program Committee for the 2009 Central Division Meeting:
Timothy O’Connor (Indiana University–Bloomington), Chair
Carla Bagnoli (University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee)
Jeffrey E. Brower (Purdue University)
E.J. Coffman (University of Tennessee)
Peggy DesAutels (University of Dayton)
Dan Kaufman (University of Colorado)
Robert Koons (University of Texas–Austin)
Edward Minar (University of Arkansas)
Robert Rupert (University of Colorado–Boulder)
Sally Sedgwick (University of Illinois–Chicago)
Robin Smith (Texas A&M University)
Christina Van Dyke (Calvin College)
Helga Varden (University of Illinois–Urbana-Champaign)
Peter B.M. Vranas (University of Wisconsin–Madison)

12. Call for Papers, 2009
The Program Committee for 2009 invites APA members to submit papers for presentation at the one hundred sixth annual meeting, to be held in Chicago, at the Palmer House Hilton hotel, February 18-21, 2009. Please see the addendum to the Minutes of the 2007 Executive Committee Meeting on pp. 155-157 concerning the shift to earlier dates for this meeting. The deadline for submission is June 1, 2008. For additional details on how and where to submit papers for consideration, see the section on Paper Submission Guidelines later in this issue of the Proceedings.

13. Participation
APA members who wish to be considered as commentators or session chairs for the 2009 meeting should use the Program Information Form provided later in this issue of the Proceedings. The following resolution of the Central Division, adopted at the 1980 Business Meeting, will be of interest to prospective participants:
“The APA is the sole professional organization that serves and represents all American philosophers. To give better effect to the foregoing statement, the Executive Committee of the Central Division publicly affirms its desire that the composition of its officers, committees, and programs reflect the diversity of its membership in such respects as methodology, problem area, and type of employment or institutional affiliation.”

14. Nominations
The Central Division Executive Committee also invites suggestions from Central Division affiliates about appropriate candidates for Central Division offices. If you would like to propose anyone for consideration, please see the instructions in this issue of the Proceedings.

15. Program Information
The Program of the meeting, including the main sessions organized by the APA and group sessions organized by affiliated groups, forms part of this issue. Abstracts of invited and contributed papers are also included. A limited number of copies of the Program will also be available at registration. A world-wide-web version of the Program is also available at the APA’s web site, http://www.udel.edu/apa/ (this site also includes pointers to additional sources of information on the Internet about the Chicago area). The web version may be updated periodically, as necessary, to incorporate late changes in the Program.

16. Special Thanks from the Secretary-Treasurer
I wish to acknowledge with gratitude the generous support of Texas A&M University for the Central Division office.

On behalf of the Executive and Program Committees, I extend to every member of The American Philosophical Association an invitation to take part in our One Hundred Fifth Annual Meeting.

Robin Smith
Secretary-Treasurer, APA Central Division